Acronyms and Initialisms

ABPBI

phosphoric acid doped poly(2,5‐benzimidazole)

AC

alternating current

ADP

adenosine 5’‐triphosphate

AEM

alkaline‐electrolyte membrane

AEMFC

alkaline‐electrolyte membrane fuel cell

AES

air‐electrode supported

AFC

alkaline fuel cell

AMFC

anion‐exchange membrane fuel cell

ANL

Argonne National Laboratory

APEMFC

alkaline proton‐exchange membrane fuel cell

APU

auxiliary power unit

ASR

area specific resistance

BCN

Dutch Fuel Cell Corporation

BG

British Gas

BIMEVOX

bismuth metal vanadium oxide (Bi4V2O11)

BOP

balance‐of‐plant

BPS

Ballard Power Systems

BSF

Boudouard Safety Factor

CAN bus

Controller Area Network

CBM

coal‐bed methane

CCS

carbon capture and storage

CFCL

Ceramic Fuel Cells Ltd

CGO

cerium–gadolinium oxide (same as GDC)

CHP

combined heat and power

CLC

chemical looping combustion

CNR

Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italy)

CNT

carbon nanotube

CODH‐1

carbon monoxide dehydrogenase

CPE

constant phase element

CPO

catalytic partial oxidation

CRG

catalytic rich gas

CSG

coal‐seam gas

CSIRO

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

CSO

cerium‐samarium oxide (same as SDC)

CSZ

calcia‐stabilized zirconia

CV

cyclic voltammetry

CVD

chemical vapour deposition

DBFC

direct borohydride fuel cell

DC

direct current

DCFC

direct carbon fuel cell

DEFC

direct ethanol fuel cell

DEGFC

direct ethylene glycol fuel cell

DFAFC

direct formic acid fuel cell (also formic acid fuel cell, FAFC)

DFT

density functional theory

DG

distributed generator

DIR

direct internal reforming

DIVRR

directly irradiated, volumetric receiver–reactor

DLFC

direct liquid fuel cell

DMFC

direct methanol fuel cell

DOE

Department of Energy (United States)

DPFC

direct propanol fuel cell

DPFC(2)

direct propan‐2‐ol fuel cell

DSSC

dye‐sensitized solar cell

EC

evaporatively cooled

ECN

Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands

EFOY

Energy for You

EIS

electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

EPFL

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology

EU

European Union

EVD

electrochemical vapour deposition

EW

membrane equivalent weight

FCE

Fuel Cell Energy Inc.

FCES

Fuel Cell Energy Solutions GmbH

FCV

fuel cell vehicle

FRA

frequency response analyser

FT

Fischer–Tropsch

GDC

gadolinium‐doped ceria/gadolinia‐doped ceria (same as CGO)

GDL

gas‐diffusion layer

GE

General Electric

GHG

greenhouse gas

GM

General Motors

GPS

Global Positioning System

GTL

gas‐to‐liquid

GTO

gate turn‐off (thyristor)

HAZID

hazard identification

HAZOP

hazard and operability study

HCNG

hydrogen‐compressed natural gas

HDS

hydrodesulfurization

HEMFC

hydroxide‐exchange polymer membrane fuel cell

HEV

hybrid electric vehicle

HHV

higher heating value

HOR

hydrogen oxidation reaction

HPE

high‐pressure proton‐exchange membrane electrolyser

IBFC

indirect borohydride fuel cell

ICE

internal combustion engine

ICEV

internal combustion engine vehicle

IFC

International Fuel Cells

IGBT

insulated‐gate bipolar transistor

IHI

Ishikawajima‐Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd

IHP

inner Helmholtz plane

IIR

indirect internal reforming (also known as ‘integrated reforming’)

ITM

ion transport membrane, also refers to company ITM Power

IT‐SOFC

intermediate‐temperature solid oxide fuel cell

IUPAC

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

KEPCO

Korea Electric Power Corporation

KIST

Korea Institute of Science and Technology

LAMOX

lanthanum molybdate (La2Mo2O9)

LCA

life‐cycle assessment (also known as ‘life‐cycle analysis’ and ‘cradle‐to‐grave analysis’)

LCOE

levelized cost of electricity

LH2

liquid hydrogen

LHV

lower heating value

LNG

liquefied natural gas

LPG

liquefied petroleum gas

LSCF

lanthanum strontium cobaltite ferrite

LSCV

strontium‐doped lanthanum vanadate

LSGM

lanthanum gallate (LaSrGaMgO3)

LSM

strontium‐doped lanthanum manganite

LT‐SOFC

low‐temperature solid oxide fuel cell

MCFC

molten carbonate fuel cell

MCR

microchannel reactor

MEA

membrane–electrode assembly

MEMS

microelectromechanical systems

METI

Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan)

MFC

microbial fuel cell

MFF

mass flow factor

MHPS

Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems

MIEC

mixed ionic–electronic conductor (oxides)

MOF

metal–organic framework

MOSFET

metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistor

MPMDMS

(3‐mercaptopropyl)methyldimethoxysilane

MRFC

mixed‐reactant fuel cell

MSW

municipal solid waste

MTBF

mean time between failures

MWCNT

multiwalled carbon nanotube

NADP

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

NASA

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NCPO

non‐catalytic partial oxidation

NEDO

New Energy Development Organization (Japan)

NOMO

Notice of Market Opportunities

NTP

normal temperature and pressure

OCV

open‐circuit voltage

OEM

original equipment manufacturer

OER

oxygen evolution reaction

OHP

outer Helmholtz plane

ORR

oxygen reduction reaction

P2G

power‐to‐gas

P3MT

poly(3‐methylthiophene)

PAFC

phosphoric acid fuel cell

PANI

polyaniline

PAR

photosynthetically active radiation

PBI

polybenzimidazole

PBSS

poly(benzylsulfonic acid)siloxane

PC

phthalocyanine

PCT

pressure composition isotherm

PEC

photoelectrochemical cell

PEMFC

proton‐exchange membrane fuel cell (also called ‘polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell’ and same as SPEFC and SPFC)

PET

polyethylene terephthalate

PF

power factor, also PFC power factor correction

PFD

process flow diagram

PFSA

perfluorinated sulfonic acid

plc

programmable logic controller

POX

partial oxidation

PPA

polyphosphoric acid

PPBP

poly(1,4‐phenylene), poly(4 phenoxybenzoyl‐1,4‐phenylene)

Ppy

polypyrrole

PROX

preferential oxidation

PrOx

preferential oxidation reactor

PSA

pressure swing adsorption

PTFE

polytetrafluoroethylene

PV

photovoltaic

PWM

pulse width modulation

QA

quaternary ammonium

RDE

rotating disc electrode

RFB

redox flow battery

RH

relative humidity

RHE

reversible hydrogen electrode

RRDE

rotating ring‐disc electrode

RSF

rotational speed factor

SATP

standard ambient temperature and pressure

SCG

simulated coal gas

SCT‐CPO

short contact time catalytic partial oxidation

SDC

samarium‐doped ceria/samaria‐doped ceria (same as CSO)

SECA

Solid State Energy Conversion Alliance

SFCM

standard cubic foot per minute

SHE

standard hydrogen electrode

SI

International...